Formative assessments are on-going assessments, reviews, and observations in a classroom. Teachers use formative assessment to improve instructional methods and student feedback throughout the teaching and learning process. For example, if a teacher observes that some students do not grasp a concept, she or he can design a review activity or use a different instructional strategy. Likewise, students can monitor their progress with periodic quizzes and performance tasks. The results of formative assessments are used to modify and validate instruction.
Examples:
Formative Assessments |
Summative Assessments |
- Anecdotal records
- Quizzes and essays
- Diagnostic tests
- Peer/Self-assessment
- Homework exercises
- Journals
- In-class activities
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- Final Exams
- Projects
- Portfolios
- Statewide/national tests
- admission/entrance exams
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Source: Classroom Assessment, U. of Florida
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The meaning of “blended learning” has changed over time; only definitions from 2006 and later are to be considered current. Consequently, a suggested composite definition is:
“Blended learning” designates the range of possibilities presented by combining Internet and digital media with established classroom forms that require the physical co‐presence of teacher and students.
Friesen, Norm (2012). "Report: Defining Blended Learning"
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